Which of the following countries is generally not considered part of mediterranean europe?

a. italy

b. portugal

c. spain

d. france

The correct answer is - b. Portugal.

Portugal is a country that is not considered as part of Mediterranean Europe, and that is due to the fact that Portugal doesn't have a coast on the Mediterranean Sea, but instead, all of its coast is on the Atlantic Ocean.

Even though geographically Portugal can not be considered as a Mediterranean country, culturally it actually is, by being very similar to the the countries that are considered as culturally Mediterranean. France, on the other hand, even though it is a Mediterranean country, it is culturally in a totally different realm, and can be considered as part of the Mediterranean culture region.

In general, it depends on the perception, and from which point of view is this topic viewed.

the proximity of water was an advantage to western europe and its culture was able to flourish as a result. trade and travel by sea were easier and safer in historical times.

1. there are no mountains to protect it from the sea

2. and its has wet cool summers and wet, mild winters.