Geography
Geography, 09.02.2021 23:10, KAITLYN007

Make this Quick but Identify two pieces of evidence from the passage that support the following claim: 'Rock strata and fossils are important to recording Earth's geologic history.'

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Think about a stack of pancakes. The oldest pancake is the one that was made first and placed at the bottom of the stack. The last pancake made ended up on top of the stack; it is the youngest. This is like a stack of sedimentary rock layers; the oldest layer is at the bottom and the youngest is at the top. This is true as long as rock layers are undisturbed. That is, the rock layers have not been greatly deformed by geologic processes.

When you determine the relative ages of the pancakes, you used relative dating. Relative dating is any method of determining whether something is older or younger than something else. Geologists use relative dating to determine the relative ages of rocks, fossils, and features, such as faults. What if you cut the stack of pancakes in half? The cut happened after the pancakes were made so the cut is younger than the pancakes. The same is true for a fault or igneous intrusion that cuts across layers. That is, the feature is younger than the rocks it cuts across.

Scientists find the relative ages of rocks to compile the rock record. The rock record is all of Earth's known rocks and the information they contain. The rock record allows scientists to piece together some of Earth's past environments and events.

Fossils

In most cases, fossils are the same age as the rock in which they are found. An index fossil is the remains of an organism that was common and widespread, but only existed for about 1 million years or less. The age of an index fossil can help establish the ages of rocks and other fossils. For example, specific ammonite fossils are found in Dinosaur Provincial Park. They are marine index fossils that are about 75 million years old. The rocks in which they are found, and any other fossils in those rocks, are also likely about 75 million years old.

Organizing all of Earth's known fossils from oldest to youngest shows how life on Earth has changed over time. All of Earth's known fossils and the information they provide is known as the fossil record. The fossil record grows as fossils are continually discovered.

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