Subjects taught to girls in school in the Middle Ages included: adding and subtracting
music
cooking
caring for the sick
gym class
needlework

The desert expands by hundreds of square miles each year.

What empire controlled most of the middle east except for a few years between 1516 and 1917, where was the capital of this empire located and what was the geographic extent of this empire?

What is the lithosphere and describe its characteristics?