How long does it take soil to form from parent material?

Which sequence of transformations on preimage ∆abc will not produce the image ∆a'b'c'? a. reflection across the line y = x b. rotation 180° clockwise about the origin followed by a reflection across the line y = -x c. reflection across the x-axis followed by a reflection across the y-axis d. reflection across the line y = -x followed by a rotation 180° counterclockwise about the origin e. reflection across the y-axis followed by a rotation 90° clockwise about the origin

Plzz on what physical process is responsible for the creation of volcanoes, earthquakes and ocean trenches at the plate margins?

Hurricanes a. usually form over land b. usually intensify over land c. gain strength from ocean heat d. usually form over the poles