Explanation:
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Latitude or distance from the Equator
Altitude or Height above the Sea Level
Distance from the Sea
Natural Vegetation
Aspect ( Slope of the land )
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Latitude or Distance from the Equator
The latitude determines the climate of the earth by the following ways :
▪️The farther we go from the Equator , the temperature decreases because of the slanting rays of the sun.
▪️The rays of the sun are vertical throughout the year at the equator where as the sun rays are slanting when we move north and south of the equator.
▪️The rays of the sun have to travel a short distance at the equator whereas the rays have to travel longer distance at the poles.
▪️The rays of the sun have to heat a small area at the equator whereas the rays have to heat larger areas at the poles.
▪️As latitude increases in 0 - 90 ° , the temperature of
earth decreases.
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Attitude or Height above the Sea level
The attitude is the height of the land. It also affects the climate by the following reasons :
▪️The climate of the places like in higher altitude is cool and of lower altitude is hot.
▪️The density of air is thicker in the plain or near the surface of the earth.
▪️The air in lower altitude contains dust particles and water vapour and they absorb more heat from the sun.
▪️The temperature falls approximately in every 165 m attitude. When we go to higher altitude of the land , the temperature decreases and becomes cooler because in higher altitude , air density is low and it absorbs less heat.
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Distance from the Sea
Distance from the sea also affects the climate because the following reasons :
▪️As the place lie near the sea it has pleasant and moderate climate . In the central part of the land, climate is extreme.
▪️The sea gets heated and cooled down very slowly due to which the areas situated near the sea are neither too hot nor too cold where the land heats and cools down very quickly.
▪️The climate near the sea coast is pleasant because of the presence of moisture in atmosphere which helps to make temperature cool every time.
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Natural Vegetation
Natural vegetation also affects the climate of the places because of the following reasons:
▪️Natural vegetation affects the climate of small area.
▪️The presence of natural vegetation makes the climate of the surrounding places pleasant.
▪️Absence of vegetation results maximum absorption of heat and because of it , desert area ( area having less vegetation ) is hot.
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Aspect ( Slope of the land )
The direction of the land is known as aspect. It also affects the climate of the world by the following reasons:
▪️If the aspect of the land faces towards sea, that place has damp climate and the slope facing towards land has dry and extreme climate.
▪️The aspect of land facing towards equator has warm climate and towards poles has cold type of climate.
▪️Slope facing south in the Northern Hemisphere are warmer than those facing north. This is because the rays of the sun directly strike the equator face than at the poles.
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