A 4-inch, f/5 telescope has a 1-inch eyepiece focal. Its magnifying power is: 4X 5X 9X 20X

Separated the laws of islam from the laws of the nationreplaced the old muslim calender with the gregorian calender  abolished religious courts and created a new legal system based on european law as opposed to the previous system based on the islamic law code granted women the right to vote and to hold public office launched government-funded programs to industrialize turkey and to spur the economic growth attempted to modernize turkey by banning the fez which was of greek origin marriage was considered civil and not religious and polygamy was abolished women were given the right to vote in all elections 

Western europe's proximity to water has affected its climate since large bodies of water in the moderation of air temperature of the surrounding areas. the economy is also affected since it is great for the economic growth of the region. this allows easy access to trade for europe. culture is also affected by the proximity of water through the pattern of their day-to-day living.

Airplanes usually fly in the lower part of the stratosphere - there is nearly no water vapor and it's very dry, so it to avoid big turbulences. it's about 8-10 kilometers above ground (depending on weather conditions, region etc.)