Name factors that lead to desert development

What makes a personal exceptionality/non-exceptionality

The vegetation that thrives in the tundra is limited to a. mosses, barley, wheat, and corn. b. coniferous trees. c. dwarf shrubs, mosses, lichen, potatoes, and beans. d. mosses, lichen, algae, and dwarf shrubs.

What type of aid does nigeria receive? short term, tied, voluntary, bilateral, multilateral or long-term?