Greenhouse gases cause a rise in temperature by
A. trapping heat in the atmosphere
B. Lowering the temperature
C. increasing permafrost
D. All of the above

A. trapping heat in atmosphere

Explanation:

Greenhouse gases increase temperature, not lower it. Also, it has nothing to do with permafrost.

answer; (d) melting of sea ice;

a mid-ocean ridge or mid-oceanic ridge is an underwater mountain range, formed by plate tectonics. this uplifting of the ocean floor occurs when convection currents rise in the mantle beneath the oceanic crust and create magma where two tectonic plates meet at a divergent boundary.a geomagnetic reversal is a change in a planet's magnetic field such that the positions of magnetic north and magnetic south are interchanged.