The earth area of permanent human settlement is called the

Ecumene

Explanation:

Ecumene is generally defined as the land area that is occupied by the humans on earth for their permanent settlement. This region includes the houses of the humans, agricultural and other work places, that is beneficial in enhancing the economy.

This term is commonly used by the geographers describing the habitat areas of humans.

the first phase of the government’s plan for settlement was building the transcontinental railroad. the railroad provided a way to bring settlers and manufactured goods west and ship their agricultural and mining produce east. the transcontinental railroad was an essential artery for rapid development of the frontier.

the second phase of the government’s plan was a liberal land distribution policy that made it possible for many people to homestead. with these two key elements—transportation and cheap land—the government rapidly achieved its goal of persuading people to move west, settle on farms, and push back the frontier.

answerformal;