All of the following are considered part of the continental margin except the:
a. continental shelf.
b. continental rise.
c. fracture zone.
d. submarine canyon.
e. continental slope.

c. fracture zone.

Explanation:

Continental margin is said to be the connection between the oceanic crust and the continental crust.  Continental margin separates the sea floor from the continental crust.This margin is usually the shallow region that approaches the continental crust.

All the following options are parts of a continental margin except  Fracture zone which is a weakness in the earth crust that cut across the mid oceanic ridges.

Continental shelf extends from the edge of the continent towards the sea floor and are shallow in nature. This portion of the continental margin transition from the continent to the sea. They are gently inclined and typically flat.

Continental slope extends from the continental shelf to the depth of the oceanic floor. continental slopes are relatively steep.

Continental rise exist at the foot of the continental slope and they are located between the continental slope and the abyssal plain(A flat plain at the base of continental rise).

Submarine canyon are valleys that runs across continental shelf down the continental slopes.

for e2020. the answer would be some directions from the mountain range so we can find mt. whitney. to locate which direction is north, you should use a   compass. this would not only find mt. whitney, but also becuase of this long paragraph you would get points because it's not like anyone actually reads your work becuase once they read the first sentence it sounds dumb enough to not read becuase i'm not good at answering this but the answer is compass for your benefit.

for e2020 ; -;

it is very hard for the climatologists to precisely predict how will the global temperatures be changing so there's lots of models, some of which differ significantly, this is due to multiple factors, and probably the most important is the human activity.

humans have been a key factor in climate change around the globe since the start of the industrial revolution, and in the past few decades the consequences are becoming more obvious. there's lots of emission of pollutants in the atmosphere as well as changing the environment on the surface itself, so it's really hard to predict how will that go in the future because there's some countries that are reducing the damage and are going towards green energy, while others are stubbornly continuing with pollution and damages to the environment.