As the leading edge of a tectonic plate is forced back into the mantle, a small
convection current forms beneath it, pulling it downwards. this is known as
what?

Ibelieve the answer would be a large-scale natural disaster 

Western europe's proximity to water has affected its climate since large bodies of water in the moderation of air temperature of the surrounding areas. the economy is also affected since it is great for the economic growth of the region. this allows easy access to trade for europe. culture is also affected by the proximity of water through the pattern of their day-to-day living.

Sorry but there isnt a map i would love to but if u can paste the picture of the map in my comment and i will you