Question 11 chapter 3.2.2. what happens to gasses dissolved in magma as it ascends toward the surface and p o a it increases in temperature o b. it explodes oit expands and forms bubbles o d it turns into liquid question 12 chapter 3.2.2. box 3.3. what is a pyroclastic flow? o a a turbulent, dense mixture of hot air, ash, and larger fragments that sweep down the sides of volcanoes. oda slurry-like flow of mud and water that can flow 10s of km from a volcano. o c. a fast-moving lava flow carrying large chunks of rock. o d a very slow-moving lava flow question 13 chapter 3.2.2. what is a caldera? o a a dome of lava that begins to fill up a volcanic crater after the eruption a cave created when a tunnel of lava empties out o c a fast-moving lava flow carrying large chunks of rock o d. a large crater-like depression

1- Option (C)

2- Option (A)

3- Option (D)

Explanation:

The magma within the earth's crust are often comprised of various types of materials and dissolved gases. The gases that are commonly present in magma are Water vapor (H₂O) and Carbon dioxide (CO₂). These gases gradually expand and forms bubbles, as the magma rises up and pressure eventually decreases. Some of the gases are escaped into the atmosphere, whereas some remains. The pyroclastic flow refers to those materials that are mixed up with rock fragments, volcanic ash and hot air, and that gradually flows along the slope of the volcano. During an explosive volcanic eruption, these materials are ejected and are spread to distant places. Calderas are the large crater-like depressions that form due to the subsidence of the mouth of a volcano or due to the eruption of a huge volcano leaving a large bowl-shaped depression. The materials that are present at the apex portion of these volcanoes are mostly comprised of volcanic rocks and tuffs that eventually get collapse.

Hence, the correct answers are mentioned above.

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