1.in which case did the u. s. supreme court decide that the civil liberties ensconced in the bill of rights were to be enforced against the federal government, but not the respective states?

a schenk v. united states.

b barron v. baltimore.

c new york times v. sullivan.

d lynch v. donnelly.

e lemon v. kurtzmann.

correct option is B Barron v. Baltimore

Explanation:

we know that in 1833 case Barron vs Baltimore  

United state Supreme Court rule the Constitution Bill of Rights restrict

that bill was did not apply to state government  

court decision is written by the Chief Justice John Marshall

that is protection were instead provided by constitutions of each state

and  

Court asserts that Constitution was created by people of the United States

so  

here correct option is B Barron v. Baltimore

since there isn't any suggested answers i will give you the reason and hopefully you can figure it

south africa, or rather all of africa, has not been in the location in which it is nowadays throughout the geological past. after the super-continent pangaea started to break apart, gondwanaland, in which was africa, moved further south, and parts of it came to be very close to the south pole. because the climate in this part of the world is very cold due to the very dispersed sun rays in there, what is now south africa, started to freeze, and the conditions were right for the formation of glaciers. the glaciers existed up until the period when gondwanaland started to break apart and what is now africa started to move towards north, sp it warmed up and the glaciers melted.