On some occasions low surface temperatures are recorded when the 1000- to 500-hpa thickness is well above normal. explain this apparent paradox

Acharreadas is a popular mexican thing where people display varying skills of horsemanship much like what events in the united states?

Extensive and unusual cold snaps have occurred here recently. is this evidence that global warming is lessening or not occurring? no—although the long-term trend is for warming, short-term weather patterns can still be variable. no—melting of glaciers and ice caps is making the oceans cooler, which can cause cold snaps. yes-- if global warming really were occurring, cold snaps wouldn’t happen. yes—due to global warming, weather patterns should be become less—not more—variable.

What empire controlled most of the middle east except for a few years between 1516 and 1917, where was the capital of this empire located and what was the geographic extent of this empire?