1) given a planetary albedo of 30% and using a 1 atmospheric layer energy balance model for the earth, calculate what fraction of out-going long-wave radiation emitted by the earth is absorbed by the atmospheric layer in order to have the observed earth temperature of 288k. (ignore convective and latent heat fluxes and assume that all non-reflected solar radiation is absorbed by the earth). la) calculate the total rate of longwave radiation emitted by the atmospheric layer of the earth (using the above model and assume it's 5 km above the earth's surface) and compare that to the total global production of electricity.

Wich of the following is not likely to appear on a map

Scientist: cross-sections of stalactites—calcite formations deposited on cave ceilings by seeping water—can reveal annual variations in rainfall in particular areas over hundreds and thousands of years. we often found that when—according to these cross-sections—drought occurred in a particular area, it coincided with the collapse of an ancient society in that area. i hypothesize that drought reduced agricultural productivity in these areas, thereby leaving these societies without the resources needed to handle internal stresses and external threats. which of the following, if true, would most weaken the support for the scientist's hypothesis? a. many droughts indicated in the cross-sections of stalactites do not correspond with the collapse of a society in that area. b. information from the cross-sections of stalactites alone cannot reveal the level of agricultural output in an area at a particular time. c. most of the societies that collapsed during droughts did so when internal power struggles coincided with military raids from neighboring societies. d. most of the societies that collapsed during droughts maintained large stockpiles of food and water at the time of their collapse. e. information from stalactites also suggests that the collapse of some societies coincided with periods of abnormally high rainfall.

Which is the most reasonable capacity of a water pitcher. m a 2 ml b 20 ml c 2 l d 20 l