What is true of both earthquakes and volcanoes?
a. they are caused by movement of tectonic plates.
b. they are potentially devastating to local environments.
c. they occur inland less frequently than along coasts.
d. all of the above are true of both earthquakes and volcanoes.

The correct answer is D) All of the above are true of both earthquakes and volcanoes.

What is true of both earthquakes and volcanoes is that they are caused by the movement of tectonic plates, they are potentially devastating to local environments, and they occur inland less frequently than along coasts.

Let's punt the example of an earthquake. Many spots on earth are prone to earthquakes and major risks for people living in these regions. An earthquake is a major shaking on the surface of the earth. The outmost layer moves, provoking the shaking. The tectonic plates are in constant movement and shifting causing stress that leads to faults, or cracks.

d. stage 4

explanation:

the existence of some kind of demographic transition is widely accepted in the social sciences because of the well-established historical correlation linking dropping fertility to social and economic development.[1] scholars debate whether industrialization and higher incomes lead to lower population, or whether lower populations lead to industrialization and higher incomes. scholars also debate to what extent various proposed and sometimes inter-related factors such as higher per capita income,lower mortality, old-age security, and rise of demand for human capital are involved.[2]

it is very hard for the climatologists to precisely predict how will the global temperatures be changing so there's lots of models, some of which differ significantly, this is due to multiple factors, and probably the most important is the human activity.

humans have been a key factor in climate change around the globe since the start of the industrial revolution, and in the past few decades the consequences are becoming more obvious. there's lots of emission of pollutants in the atmosphere as well as changing the environment on the surface itself, so it's really hard to predict how will that go in the future because there's some countries that are reducing the damage and are going towards green energy, while others are stubbornly continuing with pollution and damages to the environment.