The united states constitution has served as the highest or a supreme law of the U.S since the enactment in 1789, and since then it has been amended 27 times. All the judges in every state are bonded to anything in the constitution or law. As the constitution is fundamental to everything it creates or authorises.
What empire controlled most of the middle east except for a few years between 1516 and 1917, where was the capital of this empire located and what was the geographic extent of this empire?