In terms of atmospheric circulation, at which latitudes does air rise up from the surface of our planet? why does it rise there?

he motion of air through atmosphere is atmospheric circulation.  It is depend on three things: energy from the sun, the rotation of the Earth on its axis, and topography.

Explanation:

The motion of air through atmosphere is atmospheric circulation.  It is depend on three things: energy from the sun, the rotation of the Earth on its axis, and topography.

The sun shines more closely on fields near the equator due  to the tilting of earth. The air above such areas spreads and increases with more energy from the sun As it grow rises far from the ground, it cools down and is driven away by warmer air

. At near 30 degree latitude, the dense (cool) air falls to the surface, where it moves back towards the equator. This type of  circular motion called a Hadley Cell.

More air dropping at a latitude around 30 degrees continues to remain north or south. When it approaches the latitude of 60 degrees, it meets much dense air from the poles. This point of impact is known as the Polar Front.

it is very hard for the climatologists to precisely predict how will the global temperatures be changing so there's lots of models, some of which differ significantly, this is due to multiple factors, and probably the most important is the human activity.

humans have been a key factor in climate change around the globe since the start of the industrial revolution, and in the past few decades the consequences are becoming more obvious. there's lots of emission of pollutants in the atmosphere as well as changing the environment on the surface itself, so it's really hard to predict how will that go in the future because there's some countries that are reducing the damage and are going towards green energy, while others are stubbornly continuing with pollution and damages to the environment.