The northern 40 percent of canada consists a.)craggy coastlineb.) fertile plainsc.) flat swamplandd.) cold treeless lands

D.) Cold treeless lands

Explanation:

Canada is the second largest country in the world. It occupies slightly less than half of North America. The country is located on a high latitude though, so its climate conditions are not the best, as the country in general is very cold.

The northern 40% of the country though are even colder than the rest of the country. This part of Canada falls into the tundra biome. It is area where the winter dominates for most of the year. The summer is not summer in the real sense of the world, as it is very short and relatively cold as well. The temperatures in this part of Canada are very low. The landscape is covered with ice and snow for most of the year, and there are strong, cold, dry winds.

Because the climate conditions are like this, this part of the country doesn't have trees. Instead, in the short ''summer'', the plants that dominate are very small ones that don't require much to survive. The plants that manage to survive in these conditions are mostly mosses, lichens, dwarf shrubs, and algae.