These factors hinder environmental efforts in sub-saharan africa.

Inadequate funding, ineffective enforcement, lack of coordinated regional policies, political instability.

Explanation:

The sub-Saharan Africa is a nation that has been hindered by development like the ineffective funding firm the government and the thus has uneven development and the no law is properly regulated and kept in lace and thus this shows there lack of coordination and the type of political instability at government levels. High levels of population growth and migration rates and has led to crimes and the low job availability and low living standards.

This would be an open primary. a closed primary people can vote only prior to election day if the party if they are registered. independent voters can not participate. there is not a wide-open primary, but there is a semi-open primary.