Is it true that lines of latitude have an effect on climate because where a land mass is located on the globe

yes because land masses play a role in how land and climate influence each other. Latitudes affect the climate of a place in different ways.

First, places close to the equator receive more sunlight, as such, the farther you are from the equator, the less sunlight you receive. Depending on your latitude, there are prevailing winds that play a crucial role in determining the climate of a place. This greatly affect the heat and pressure distribution on the earth surface.

the thirteen colonies are:

connecticut, delaware, georgia, maryland, massachusetts, new jersey, new york, new hampshire, north carolina, pennsylvania, rhode island, south carolina, virginia