Sedimentary rock formed from the combined processes of weathering, erosion, transportation, deposition, lithication, and compaction of rock fragments of other rocks are

The sedimentary rock in question is sandstone.

Sandstone is a clastic sedimentary rock made up mostly of weathering sand size debris that accumulates where the waters are slower.

Sandstone is formed by all of the processes named above.
-weathering of the rocks
-erosion caused by water and wind
-transportation by water bodies
-deposition by the water masses where they are slower 
-lithification under the pressure 
-compactation while mixing with multiple other sediments.

Argon, carbon-14, and carbon-12

The study of where things are