In book i, "neither principles nor ideas are innate" of an essay concerning human understanding, locke refutes two philosophical stances that you have studied, and select all that apply. a. machiavelli's claim that some vicious behaviors secure a ruler's position b. descartes' claim that certain understandings are present in the mind at birth c. aquinas's claim that people learn through gathering information through their senses d. augustine's claim that understanding is possible because god's omniscience lights the lamp of the mind