Read the following excerpt from an argumentative essay. answer the question that follows: critics might say that smart phones in the classroom cause too many distractions. a 2009 article in education magazine made just such a claim. although cell phones can certainly cause distractions, current research suggests that teachers and students are putting phones to better use. a 2013 educator insider poll reveals that 67% of high school instructors now encourage students to use phones in the classroom setting. students without phones are actually at a disadvantage in the classroom. the poll lists internet access, spell checks, and collaboration as three key uses of smart phones in an educational setting. how does the author handle the counterclaim? a. the author chooses to concede the point and offers no rebuttal. b. the author offers an opinion discounting the counterclaim. c. the author ignores the counterclaim and avoids responding. d. the author supplies a rebuttal that quotes more current research.

1. read the following excerpt from franklin d. roosevelt's "fireside chat 19":

on the other side of the picture, we must learn also to know that guerilla warfare against the germans in, let us say serbia or norway, us; that a successful russian offensive against the germans us; and that british successes on land or sea in any part of the world strengthen our hands.

remember always that germany and italy, regardless of any formal declaration of war, consider themselves at war with the united states at this moment just as much as they consider themselves at war with britain or russia. and germany puts all the other republics of the americas into the same category of enemies. the people of our sister republics of this hemisphere can be honored by that fact.  

the true goal we seek is far above and beyond the ugly field of battle. when we resort to force, as now we must, we are determined that this force shall be directed toward ultimate good as well as against immediate evil. we americans are not destroyers — we are builders.

analyze the effectiveness of this excerpt. how does it function within the speech as a whole? how does the structure of the excerpt to convey the speech's purpose and key points? support your argument with evidence from the speech. (10 points)