Explain the 5 tools for decoding unfamiliar words using context clues. first, identify each of the 5 tools. next, give a brief description of each tool and provide an example of how it is used to decode an unfamiliar word. finally, evaluate the usefulness of each tool and assess in which situations you would use each tool for decoding.

A) Identify the 5 tools and provide description:
The 5 tools for decoding unfamiliar words are:
1) Root word and affix: Prefixes like (in-, dis-, mis-), and suffixes like (-ble, -ful, -less, -ly, -men), can help clarify the meaning of the word.
2) Tone: hearing the tone given to the sentence may help understand the feeling of the word.  
3) Definition: The word or phrase may be defined again in the sentence.
4) Example or illustration: There might be examples or illustrations in the text that lead to the understanding of the word. Usually they are provided after the use of words such as: such as, other, include, these, and for example.
5) Grammar: Understanding whether a word is a noun, pronoun, adjective, adverb, verb, can help to determine the purpose of the sentence and meaning of the word.

B) Provide an example of how it is used to help decode an unfamiliar word.
1) Root word and affix: “Circumference”, with the root Circum- meaning Around.
2) Tone: “The lugubrious cries of the child”. Lugubrious meaning Sad, Depressing.
3) Definition: “Wendy was known as capricious, with unpredictable behavior that made her mood change quickly”. The word Capricious is later described in the sentence.
4) Example or illustration: “The town planted many coniferous trees around the park, including pines, firs, and spruces”. A list of examples is provided to describe what kind of tree it is.
5) Grammar: “The school could avert the spread of flu by closing the school”. Avert is a verb. Understanding the other actions in the sentence may lead to understating the meaning of the word.

C) Evaluate the usefulness of each tool and assess in which situations you would use each tool for decoding.
1) Root word and affix: This is probably the most useful one. It can be used anytime and for almost any word.
2) Tone: It could be misleading in some cases. It is one of the least useful ones as it does not guarantee the knowledge of the word, but it can only give an idea of what it might mean, more or less.
3) Definition: This is only useful if an explanation is given.
4) Example or illustration: These are very useful as they jump right to the eye. It can be used when there is a list of examples and the words “such as, other, include, these, and for example” are present.
5) Grammar: This tool might be the least useful one, as it could result complicated to identify the grammar of the word. It could be used when you are sure if the word is either a noun, a pronoun, an adjective, an adverb, or a verb.

21 balloons is the story of professor william sherman's travels.

in 1883, he set off from san francisco for a balloon ride over the pacific and was found a month later floating with 21 balloons in the atlantic ocean. this seemed an astounding feat and everyone wanted to know what had happened.    

professor sherman was loyal, however, and said he would tell his tale first to the western american explorers club in san francisco, of which he was a member. this built up suspense for several chapters before he began to tell of the wonders of his adventures and the amazing island of krakatoa, an island which had just been blown up by a volcano.  

the residents of krakatoa are all millionaires who live under a "gourmet government" of their own devising. we get to see all the incredible adventures that creative people with unlimited resources would create according to the author.

sorry idk this one sorry i cant u