Ihold a bachelor’s degree in arts and practised as an attorney in johannesburg for a number of years in partnership with oliver tambo. i am a convicted prisoner serving five years for leaving the country without a permit and for inciting people to go on strike at the end of may 1961. at the outset, i want to say that the suggestion made by the state in its opening that the struggle in south africa is under the influence of foreigners or communists is wholly incorrect. i have done whatever i did, both as an individual and as a leader of my people, because of my experience in south africa and my own proudly felt african background, and not because of what any outsider might have said. what biases does mandela reveal that the reader must consider when evaluating evidence given by mandela in the speech? a. he disagrees with the state that foreigners and communists are influencing political struggles in south africa, so he is a communist. b. he reveals he is a lawyer and therefore cannot be trusted. c. he reveals he has been convicted of crimes and that he is influenced by his personal experiences as an african in south africa. d. he claims he is the leader of his people, so he would be biased for his people.

Read the passage from chapter 17 of the prince. and of all princes, it is impossible for the new prince to avoid the imputation of cruelty, owing to new states being full of dangers. hence virgil, through the mouth of dido, excuses the inhumanity of her reign owing to its being new, saying: "res dura, et regni novitas me talia cogunt moliri, et late fines custode tueri."(*) nevertheless he ought to be slow to believe and to act, nor should he himself show fear, but proceed in a temperate manner with prudence and humanity, so that too much confidence may not make him incautious and too much distrust render him intolerable. . against my will, my fate a throne unsettled, and an infant state, bid me defend my realms with all my pow'rs, and guard with these severities my shores. what reasoning does machiavelli use in this passage? machiavelli uses deductive reasoning by first introducing the conclusion that new rulers must be cruel and then supporting it with evidence. machiavelli uses deductive reasoning by starting with statistical evidence and then concluding that rulers must be cruel. machiavelli uses inductive reasoning by first presenting an observed pattern of details and then concluding that new rulers must be cruel. machiavelli uses inductive reasoning by starting with the conclusion that new rulers must be cruel and then supporting it with short narratives.