When a government passes a law granting citizens tax credits if they use public transportation on a regular basis, which technique of policy enactment is it using?

It is giving them "incentive". Which basically means giving them something (in this case, tax credits) in order to motivate them to do something (in this case, to use public transportation on a regular basis).

Evoke strong feelings, to create an impression, or for comic  effect. it is not meant to be taken literally.  hyperbole  is quite common in poetry and everyday speech to convey emphasis.