He woolly mammoth, an ancestor of the modern-day elephant, thrived millions of years ago. (1) when it first appeared, the world was very different than it is today. much of the land was frozen, which is why the mammoth needed its thick, warm coat of shaggy hair. (2) despite the cold, there was a great deal of vegetation, which the huge animals ate abundantly. mammoths were well suited for their environment. their population thrived in many of the coldest places of the world, such as alaska and siberia. around 10,000 years ago, however, something changed dramatically. (3) mammoths began to quickly disappear. today, scientists are unsure of the exact cause of this. "some speculate the climate began to change quickly, interfering with the mammoths' lifestyles and food supply," noted dr. yuri fedorsky, a russian archeologist. "others think a terrible disease might have swept across the population. still others point to the idea that people hunted the animals to extinction." some mammoths lived on isolated islands until about 4,000 years ago; however, they are all extinct today. (4)elephants, their closest ancestor, tend to live in warmer climates because they lack the thick fur of the mammoths. which sentence is not relevant to the paragraph and should be deleted? a) sentence 1 b) sentence 2 c )sentence 3 d) sentence 4

Read the passage, then answer the question that follows. no one could have seen it at the time, but the invention of beet sugar was not just a challenge to cane. it was a hint—just a glimpse, like a twist that comes about two thirds of the way through a movie—that the end of the age of sugar was in sight. for beet sugar showed that in order to create that perfect sweetness you did not need slaves, you did not need plantations, in fact you did not even need cane. beet sugar was a foreshadowing of what we have today: the age of science, in which sweetness is a product of chemistry, not whips. in 1854 only 11 percent of world sugar production came from beets. by 1899 the percentage had risen to about 65 percent. and beet sugar was just the first challenge to cane. by 1879 chemists discovered saccharine—a laboratory-created substance that is several hundred times sweeter than natural sugar. today the sweeteners used in the foods you eat may come from corn (high-fructose corn syrup), from fruit (fructose), or directly from the lab (for example, aspartame, invented in 1965, or sucralose—splenda—created in 1976). brazil is the land that imported more africans than any other to work on sugar plantations, and in brazil the soil is still perfect for sugar. cane grows in brazil today, but not always for sugar. instead, cane is often used to create ethanol, much as corn farmers in america now convert their harvest into fuel. –sugar changed the world, marc aronson and marina budhos how does this passage support the claim that sugar was tied to the struggle for freedom? it shows that the invention of beet sugar created competition for cane sugar. it shows that technology had a role in changing how we sweeten our foods. it shows that the beet sugar trade provided jobs for formerly enslaved workers. it shows that sweeteners did not need to be the product of sugar plantations and slavery.