Mr. jones, the science teacher, tells his students that energy cannot be created; it must be captured from the environment. he is talking about the
food chain
second law of thermodynamics
first law of thermodynamics
food web

The question here is one after a lesson discussing the laws of thermodynamics. Within this lesson, you may find the fallowing passage: "According to the first law, an organism can absorb energy from its environment, or it can give up some of its energy to its surroundings. However, the total energy of the organism and its surroundings is always the same. The organism can't create the energy it needs to live. Instead, it must capture it from the environment. Once it captures energy, the organism can use the energy for its own biological work."

First Law of Thermodynamics

in this text, paine use the word “ye” several times in order to  capture  the  attention of the colonists who   haven't understand the   importance and urgency of his cause. the word "ye" that is the plural of   "thou" is used to call the colonists attention and make the fight for the cause.

the sentence does not violate the phrase structure second rule (introduced by noam chomsky) because noun phrases consist of a determiner such as a, the or every, and a noun. in the sentence, the noun phrase the cake includes a determiner (the) and a noun (cake).

on the other hand, the first rule indicates that a sentence encloses a noun phrase, followed by a verb phrase. the example sentence can be analysed as follows:

john (n) + ate (v) + the (det) + cake (n).