Which is indirect characterization, and which is direct characterization?

In simple terms:

Indirect characterization is: "the process by which the personality of a fictitious character is revealed through the character's speech, actions, appearance, etc." -dictionary

Something that isn't said out loud but by inferences of there behaviors, the way they look, dress, etc. 

Direct characterization is: direct statements the author makes that could be said out loud, telling what the character is like

So to answer your question, I think direct is #6 and indirect is #5. 

The answer is 2) to show the depth of the colonists’ commitment to independence

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