Read the excerpt The Time Traveler's Guide to Elizabethan England from by Ian Mortimer. Elizabethans do not understand infection and contagion as we do. It is not that they are completely ignorant as to how illnesses spread—physicians believe they know perfectly well—it is rather that their understanding is very different from ours. The principal ideas underpinning most Elizabethan medical thinking come from Galen, who lived in the second century A. D. Physicians will cite him as an unquestionable authority when they explain to you that your health depends on a balance of the four humors: yellow bile or choler, black bile, phlegm, and blood. If there is too much choler in your body, you will grow choleric; too much blood and you will be sanguine; too much phlegm and you will be phlegmatic; and too much black bile makes you melancholic. It is from these imbalances that sickness arises. Which sentence best shows the central idea of the excerpt? “Elizabethans do not understand infection and contagion as we do.” “It is not that they are completely ignorant as to how illnesses spread—physicians believe they know perfectly well—it is rather that their understanding is very different from ours.” “The principal ideas underpinning most Elizabethan medical thinking come from Galen, who lived in the second century A. D.” “If there is too much choler in your body, you will grow choleric; too much blood and you will be sanguine; too much phlegm and you will be phlegmatic; and too much black bile makes you melancholic.”

Lea el extracto La guía del viajero en el tiempo a la Inglaterra isabelina de Ian Mortimer. Los isabelinos no entienden la infección y el contagio como nosotros. No es que desconozcan por completo cómo se propagan las enfermedades —los médicos creen saberlo perfectamente—, sino que su comprensión es muy diferente a la nuestra. Las principales ideas que sustentan la mayor parte del pensamiento médico isabelino provienen de Galeno, que vivió en el siglo II d. bilis, flema y sangre. Si hay demasiado cólera en tu cuerpo, te pondrás colérico; demasiada sangre y serás sanguíneo; demasiada flema y serás flemático; y demasiada bilis negra te vuelve melancólico. Es a partir de estos desequilibrios que surge la enfermedad. ¿Qué oración muestra mejor la idea central del extracto? “Los isabelinos no entienden la infección y el contagio como nosotros”. “No es que sean completamente ignorantes en cuanto a cómo se propagan las enfermedades, los médicos creen que lo saben perfectamente, es más bien que su comprensión es muy diferente a la nuestra”. “Las ideas principales que sustentan la mayor parte del pensamiento médico isabelino provienen de Galeno, quien vivió en el siglo II dC” “Si hay demasiada cólera en tu cuerpo, te pondrás colérico; demasiada sangre y serás sanguíneo; demasiada flema y serás flemático; y demasiada bilis negra te vuelve melancólico. “No es que desconozcan por completo cómo se propagan las enfermedades, los médicos creen que lo saben perfectamente, sino que su comprensión es muy diferente a la nuestra”. “Las ideas principales que sustentan la mayor parte del pensamiento médico isabelino provienen de Galeno, quien vivió en el siglo II dC” “Si hay demasiada cólera en tu cuerpo, te pondrás colérico; demasiada sangre y serás sanguíneo; demasiada flema y serás flemático; y demasiada bilis negra te vuelve melancólico. “No es que desconozcan por completo cómo se propagan las enfermedades, los médicos creen que lo saben perfectamente, sino que su comprensión es muy diferente a la nuestra”. “Las ideas principales que sustentan la mayor parte del pensamiento médico isabelino provienen de Galeno, quien vivió en el siglo II dC” “Si hay demasiada cólera en tu cuerpo, te pondrás colérico; demasiada sangre y serás sanguíneo; demasiada flema y serás flemático; y demasiada bilis negra te vuelve melancólico. te pondrás colérico; demasiada sangre y serás sanguíneo; demasiada flema y serás flemático; y demasiada bilis negra te vuelve melancólico. te pondrás colérico; demasiada sangre y serás sanguíneo; demasiada flema y serás flemático; y demasiada bilis negra te vuelve melancólico.

(No se lo que necesitabas por que no explicaste que querias, si que te lo tradujeran o resumieran o que, solo pude traducirlo)

below i present a summary with the most relevant aspects of chapter 2, which were taken from karangan bahasa inggeris (english essays) spm: argumentative essays.

tuna wira

credit to mohana ram murugiah.

i hope to be of

teacher smiles at the students who wait for his signal to sit down. he nods briefly and the students sit down and get ready for the lesson to start. there is an air of quiet expectancy when teacher refers to the unusual things found underneath their houses that morning. whispers of bags of rice ran among the students and a student muttered reluctantly that the rice is rent for the landlord. this starts off the discussion on the issue of paying rent for the use of the landowner’s land. da wan raises the question of why the landlord owns the land rather than the farmer although they have spent a lot of time farming it. the three reasons of labour, need and inheritance are listed as reasons for the landlord’s ownership of the land. they are discussed and dismissed as inadequate reasons. they suggested a system of collective farming to the farmers. the headmaster comes down the corridor to observe the lesson. teacher very quickly changed the lesson to a geography wesson. the students followed his cue and no one gave the slightest notice < of the headmaster ‘s presence. when the headmaster leaves, teacher explains the implications of winning the scholarship. it involves bearing respontsibilities and the scholarship holder should master what is useful and return to the village. he should understand the injustices in the present system and change it to a fairer system. then, he announces the wiimnuir of the scholarship to be dawan.

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