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Read the excerpt from queen elizabeth's address to the troops at tilbury. let tyrants fear, i have always so behaved myself, that, under god, i have placed my chiefest strength and safeguard in the loyal hearts and good will of my subjects, and therefore i am come amongst you, as you see, at this time, not for my recreation and disport, but being resolved in the midst and heat of the battle, to live or die among you all, to lay down for my god, and for my kingdoms, and for my people, my honour, and my blood, even in the dust. which statement best describes queen elizabeth's use of rhetorical appeals in this excerpt? she relies on ethos by explaining that she has previous experience fighting in battles. she relies on pathos by providing examples of other successes she has had as a ruler. she relies on ethos by establishing that she is there for more than just recreation. she relies on pathos by using emotionally charged words to motivate the troops.

Memories of a memory have you ever witnessed something amazing, shocking or surprising and found when describing the event that your story seems to change the more you tell it? have you ever experienced a time when you couldn't really describe something you saw in a way that others could understand? if so, you may understand why some experts think eyewitness testimony is unreliable as evidence in scientific inquiries and trials. new insights into human memory suggest human memories are really a mixture of many non-factual things. first, memory is vague. imagine your room at home or a classroom you see every day. most likely, you could describe the room very generally. you could name the color of the walls, the floors, the decorations. but the image you describe will never be as specific or detailed as if you were looking at the actual room. memory tends to save a blurry image of what we have seen rather than specific details. so when a witness tries to identify someone, her brain may recall that the person was tall, but not be able to say how tall when faced with several tall people. there are lots of different kinds of "tall." second, memory uses general knowledge to fill in gaps. our brains reconstruct events and scenes when we remember something. to do this, our brains use other memories and other stories when there are gaps. for example, one day at a library you go to quite frequently, you witness an argument between a library patron and one of the librarians. later, when telling a friend about the event, your brain may remember a familiar librarian behind the desk rather than the actual participant simply because it is recreating a familiar scene. in effect, your brain is combining memories to you tell the story. third, your memory changes over time. it also changes the more you retell the story. documented cases have shown eyewitnesses adding detail to testimony that could not have been known at the time of the event. research has also shown that the more a witness's account is told, the less accurate it is. you may have noticed this yourself. the next time you are retelling a story, notice what you add, or what your brain wants to add, to the account. you may also notice that you drop certain details from previous tellings of the story. with individual memories all jumbled up with each other, it is hard to believe we ever know anything to be true. did you really break your mother's favorite vase when you were three? was that really your father throwing rocks into the river with you when you were seven? the human brain may be quite remarkable indeed. when it comes to memory, however, we may want to start carrying video cameras if we want to record the true picture. part a and part b below contain one fill-in-the-blank to be used for all three question responses. your complete response must be in the format a, b, c including the letter choice, commas, and a space after the commas. part a: which of the following best explains why memories from childhood are unreliable? fill in blank 1 using a, b, or c. our brains add details and general knowledge to childhood memories. our brains are not as reliable as video cameras are. our brains create new stories to make the past more interesting. part b select one quotation from the text that supports your answer to part a. add your selection to blank 1 using e, f, or g. but the image you describe will never be as specific or detailed as if you were looking at the actual room. when a witness tries to identify someone, her brain may recall that the person was tall, but not be able to say how tall. to do this, our brains use other memories and other stories when there are gaps. select one quotation from the text that supports your answer to part a. add your selection to blank 1 using h, i, or j. documented cases have shown eyewitnesses adding detail to testimony that could not have been known at the time of the event. with individual memories all jumbled up with each other, it is hard to believe we ever know anything to be true. when it comes to memory, however, we may want to start carrying video cameras if we want to record the true picture answer for blank 1:

Plagiarism quiz read both the paragraph below and the information following it that identifies the source using the american psychological association format. then read each of the numbered statements and determine if each is plagiarized or not. circle “yes” if the statement is plagiarized, “no” if it is not, and then fix the “yes” answers). original source the presence of the taiwanese on everest was a matter of grave concern to most of the other expeditions on the mountain. there was a very real fear that the taiwanese would suffer a calamity that would compel other expeditions to come to their aid, risking further lives, to say nothing of jeopardizing the opportunity for other climbers to reach the summit. but the taiwanese were by no means the only group that seemed egregiously unqualified. camped beside us at base camp was a twenty-five-year-old norwegian climber named peter neby, who announced his intention to make a solo ascent of the southwest face, one of the peak’s most dangerous and technically demanding routes—despite the fact that his himalayan experience was limited to two ascents of neighboring island peak, a 20,274-foot bump that required little more than vigorous walking. krakauer, j. (1998). into thin air: a personal account of the mount everest disaster. new york: anchor books, 122 - 3. student samples yes 1. there was a very real fear that the taiwanese would suffer a calamity that would compel other expeditions to come to their aid(krakauer, 1998). no) 2. many climbers overestimate their abilities, as krakauer (1998) explains when he writes of peter neby, whose himalayan experience in the past “required little more than vigorous walking” (122 - 3). no 3. jon krakauer (1998) discusses other concerns besides those of unpredictable weather and his own climbing group’s capabilities. for example the existence of a taiwanese group on everest was a matter of serious unease to most everyone else on the mountain. yes/no 4. krakauer (1998) states that the taiwanese group was not the only inexpert climbers to attempt mt. everest: camped beside us at base camp was a twenty-five-year-old norwegian climber named peter neby. . [whose] himalayan experience was limited to two ascents of neighboring island peak, a 20,274-foot bump that required little more than vigorous walking (122 – 3). yes/no 5. the author asserts that the taiwanese “were by no means the only group that seemed egregiously unqualified.” yes/no 6. in his book into thin air, jon krakauer (1998) discusses many of the dangers he noted prior to his disastrous attempt to climb mt. everest in 1996. among them were encounters with other groups and individual climbers who were ill-trained and ill-equipped to handle the demands of such a climb.