(1) Heuristics (pronounced hyoo-ris' tiks) are rules of thumb that help us to simplify problems. (2) They do not guarantee a solution, but they may bring it within reach. (3) A very simple heuristic method is hill-climbing. (4) In this process, we try to move continually closer to our final goal without ever digressing or going backward. (5) On a multiple-choice test, for example, one useful strategy in answering each question is to eliminate the alternatives that are obviously incorrect. (6) Even if this does not leave you with the one correct answer, you are closer to a solution. (7) Or in trying to balance a budget, each reduction in expenses brings you closer to the goal and leaves you with a smaller deficit to deal with. (8) Another heuristic method is the creation of subgoals. (9) By setting subgoals, we can often break a problem into smaller, more manageable pieces, each of which is easier to solve than the problem as a whole. (10) A student whose goal is to write a history paper might set subgoals by breaking down the work into a series of separate tasks: choosing a topic, doing the research, preparing an outline, writing the first draft, editing, rewriting, and so on. QuestionA1. The main idea is expressed in sentence
a. 1.

b. 3.

c. 4.

d. 8.

1. read the following excerpt from franklin d. roosevelt's "fireside chat 19":

on the other side of the picture, we must learn also to know that guerilla warfare against the germans in, let us say serbia or norway, us; that a successful russian offensive against the germans us; and that british successes on land or sea in any part of the world strengthen our hands.

remember always that germany and italy, regardless of any formal declaration of war, consider themselves at war with the united states at this moment just as much as they consider themselves at war with britain or russia. and germany puts all the other republics of the americas into the same category of enemies. the people of our sister republics of this hemisphere can be honored by that fact.  

the true goal we seek is far above and beyond the ugly field of battle. when we resort to force, as now we must, we are determined that this force shall be directed toward ultimate good as well as against immediate evil. we americans are not destroyers — we are builders.

analyze the effectiveness of this excerpt. how does it function within the speech as a whole? how does the structure of the excerpt to convey the speech's purpose and key points? support your argument with evidence from the speech. (10 points)

- "a nonrestrictive clause functions as a modifier to a noun (that is an object, person or concept). these clauses can be described by the following three options: it is set off by comas, it contains a subject and a verbs and it adds nonessential information to the sentence.

for example, in "here is bill gates, who confounded microsoft software company" we can identify "who confounded microsoft software company" as a nonrestrictive clause modifying the noun bill gates. this clause can be describes as a nonrestrictive clause because it is separated by a comma, it adds nonessential information to identify who bill gates is and it must contain both a subject (who) and a verb (confounded)."

it’s important not to respond to the bully because doing so generally just escalates the problem.

tell a trusted adult about what is happening and save the evidence. you should also let your internet or cell phone provider know, along with the operator of the site if it is happening online.

if the bullying continues, notify the local police and consider consulting an attorney if it becomes serious.

school authorities may also become involved if it involves students on campus.