to give up a right, renounce, abjure, abnegate Ex) A thorough review of the record leads to the necessary conclusion that the Forest Service abdicated its responsibility to preserve national forest resources

the sentence does not violate the phrase structure second rule (introduced by noam chomsky) because noun phrases consist of a determiner such as a, the or every, and a noun. in the sentence, the noun phrase the cake includes a determiner (the) and a noun (cake).

on the other hand, the first rule indicates that a sentence encloses a noun phrase, followed by a verb phrase. the example sentence can be analysed as follows:

john (n) + ate (v) + the (det) + cake (n).

2. list two reasons why fossil fuels should no longer be used as a source of energy in america.

i think the correct answer would be adjustments in life roles.  this causes for one to adjust or change totally his/her career or lifestyle since the present is not beneficial to the life role he is at. for instance, you became a mother you would of course stop going to malls and enjoying life outside. you would be staying at home taking care of your child.

to eliminate ambiguous remote or broad reference it is necessary to focus on anaphoric reference. by definition "anaphoric reference means that a word in a text refers back to other ideas in the text for its meaning." the references should be clear and leave no room for ambiguity.

in the first case the pronoun it probably refers to the car but it has not been mentioned before so we should replace it for the car. in doing so the statement becomes clear.

in sentence number   two   the pronoun he refers to charles dickens the author. yet, the first half of the sentence is about the book a tale of two cities. to repair this it would be better to rephrase the first half : after i read   a tale of two cities by dickens, he so as to remove the remote reference.