Which other words in the selection connect to the concepts of requests and longing ?

the rigid outer part of the earth, consisting of the crust and upper mantle is the lithosphere.     answer   crust and outer part of the mantle.

comfortable

explanation:

one type of the adjectives is predicate adjective. a predicate adjective is an adjective which follows a linking verb and modifies or refers back to the main subject of that linking verb.

it usually is used just before the noun it modies.

here in this example:

'penguins seem comfortable in the coolest habitats', comfortable is the predicate adjective which follows the linking verb 'seem' and modifies the noun.