I dont understand this(english isnt my mother language)

What do mcmahon’s references to thomas carlyle and john stuart mill do for his own image and credibility?

What would be an example of foreshadowing in a story about a magician who ends up going bad from too much power? a. the author shows the magician preparing his tricks before a show. b. the narrator describes the magician's rise in popularity at the beginning of the story. c. the reader is first introduced to the magician having fun scaring audiences with his tricks. d. the story begins on a cold autumn day in the suburbs of a big city

The physical injuries thaqt the narrator and other soldiers suffer in ernest hemingways in another country are reprsentative of