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Identify the participle or infinitive phrase in the sentence below

Which is the best summary of emerson’s view of solitude expressed in society and solitude? spending time in solitude is preferable to spending time in society, and it is ultimately more beneficial. though solitude is not necessarily valuable in and of itself, it is important to recognize its significance within a larger community. solitude can be beneficial in that it allows the mind to contemplate necessary and difficult questions. only through spending time in solitude and in deep observation of the natural world can one find happiness within society.

Which detail does the author include to support the central idea about how her mother about the dictator? a) doubly revolted b) obsession c) in exile d) isolated e) cautionary tales