Read this excerpt from "herd about the flu.”

the flu shot prevent huge numbers of infections. even when it doesn’t fully prevent infection in every person, the shot makes any flu infection less serious. on a global scale, the vaccine can reduce the number of infections only if most people in the community take it. that’s because vaccines need to reach enough people to achieve a "herd immunity,” the level of immunity needed to prevent the virus from spreading. if too few people get the vaccine, the people who receive it may not be well protected against infection.

so the next time you are at the drugstore, and you see no flu shots available, think about the reasons behind it. drug makers are scared to make too many flu shots because they could lose too much money. they then make fewer flu shots and the effect of the flu shots becomes weaker because not enough people take it. people become more reluctant to take the flu shot since they don’t think it will fully work. the demand goes down further and the flu companies make even fewer shots the next year.

this could continue until the community changes its mind and we all get the flu shot. "that is a community responsibility," says the president of merck, one of the two remaining flu vaccine manufacturers.

what is the main idea presented in this excerpt?

as fewer people get the flu virus, the flu shot becomes less and less useful.
as fewer people get the flu virus, the flu shot becomes more and more useful.
as fewer people get the flu shot, it becomes more effective, but as more people get it, the flu shot becomes less effective.
as fewer people get the flu shot, it becomes less effective, but as more people get it, the flu shot becomes more effective.

The arctic national wildlife refuge is home to caribou, moose, musk oxen, wolves, foxes, grizzlies, polar bears and migratory birds. leaders in the oil industry believe the refuge is the perfect site for the “environmentally sensitive exploration” of oil. environmentalists are wondering: what will become of the wildlife? president george w. bush, oil-industry leaders and others believe that americans will benefit from the oil that lies under the snow-filled surface of the refuge. in their opinion, the oil will reduce high fuel prices and decrease our need for oil from other countries. i believe the cost of such drilling is too high. i agree with environmentalists who fear that drilling will disturb the migration of more than 130,000 caribou. each spring, the caribou travel 400 miles to give birth on the coastal plain. in this area of the refuge, there are fewer predators. in addition, experts say that the oil in the area adds up to less than a six-month supply. is such a small amount of oil worth the risk drilling poses to these animals? americans are the largest consumers of oil. instead of drilling for oil, we should decrease our need for foreign oil simply by using less. we must all work together to cut back on the oil we use in order to preserve the wildlife of the arctic national wildlife refuge. what type of argument is used in this paragraph? i believe the cost of such drilling is too high. i agree with environmentalists who fear that drilling will disturb the migration of more than 130,000 caribou. each spring, the caribou travel 400 miles to give birth on the coastal plain. in this area of the refuge, there are fewer predators. in addition, experts say that the oil in the area adds up to less than a six-month supply. is such a small amount of oil worth the risk drilling poses to these animals? a. appeal to emotion c. appeal to logic b. bandwagon d. none of the above select the best answer from the choices provided a b c d

What type of figurative language is used in this sentence from james joyce's "the dead"? his soul swooned slowly as he heard the snow falling faintly through the universe and faintly falling. a. metaphor b. alliteration c. hyperbole d. euphemism

"night. no one was praying for the night to pass quickly. the stars were but sparks of the immense conflagration that was consuming us. were this conflagration to be extinguished one day, nothing would be left in the sky but extinct stars and unseeing eyes." explain the images included in the passage. how is the use of the image of night contradictory to how we might expect it to be used