Read the following excerpt from abraham lincoln's second inaugural address:

on the occasion corresponding to this four years ago, all thoughts were anxiously directed to an impending civil-war. all dreaded it — all sought to avert it. while the inaugural address was being delivered from this place, devoted altogether to saving the union without war, insurgent agents were in the city seeking to destroy it without war — seeking to dissolve the union, and divide effects, by negotiation.

how does lincoln use logos in this excerpt?

a. by referring to the office to which he was re-elected
b. by stating facts about the onset of the war
c. by urging the audience to refuse to accept war
d. by citing the number of casualties since the war started