Read the following passage:

but does everyone on earth have an equal right to an equal share of its resources? the spaceship metaphor can be dangerous when used by misguided idealists to justify suicidal policies for sharing our resources through uncontrolled immigration and foreign aid. in their enthusiastic but unrealistic generosity, they confuse the ethics of a spaceship with those of a lifeboat.
by using words such as "dangerous," "suicidal," and "misguided," which type of reasoning is the author using?
a. ethos
b. logos
c. ad hominem
d. pathos

D) Pathos.

Explanation: When writing, an author can use several rhetorical devices in order to persuade, inform or impact the audience in the desired way. Three of the must used rhetorical devices are ethos, logos, and pathos. Ethos is an appeal to the audience's ethics, logos is an appeal to the audience's logic and pathos is an appeal to the audience's emotions. In the given passage we can see an example of the use of pathos, because by using words such as "dangerous," "suicidal," and "misguided" the author appeals to the audience's emotions.

the first proposition is to question economic materialism and victorian christianity. the lines are:

“it moves us not.—great god! i'd rather be

a pagan suckled in a creed outworn; ”

wordsworth is stating that nature no longer interests mankind, that the latter is not “moved” by it and explains that ancient western paganism had a more positive attitude concerning nature since it lacked the perv erted judaeo-christian interpretation of having received the world and all its animals and elements from god to use as we , instead of humans actually being not only part of nature but its wardens, meant to appreciate it and protect it.

the next lines are:

“so might i, standing on this pleasant lea,

have glimpses that would make me less forlorn;

have sight of proteus coming from the sea;

or hear old triton blow his wreathed horn.”

wordsworth here make it very clear that by actually looking and contemplating nature, human beings would reconnect with happiness, serenity and purpose. the use of mythological figures is quite evocative as well, proteus is a greek mythological god of the changing sea. he personifies the sea that changes, which symbolizes the way nature changes and inevitably can change to be destructive not only due to natural causes but to human pollution. furthermore, the sea is even more symbolic since all life originated in the sea so it is not only our past but our future since no life form in our planet can survive without water and if all water is destroyed in earth all life will be gone as well.

he then uses triton which is symbolic of the synthesis of both nature and mankind. triton is a mythological greek god that has the upper body of a man and the lower body of a fish (a merman). this human fish duality evokes the fact that humans are not only human but also part of nature, the fish tail representing nature. the main attribute of this god was that he used a conch shell as a horn to calm the roaring seas. in other words, triton uses nature through science for the benefit of human sailors who risk death during tempests. with the use of such metaphor, wordworth is conveying the message that human technology   is supposed to use nature to preserve nature and thereby humanity as well.