Based on the context, what does the word 'propagation' most likely mean in this excerpt from thomas jefferson's virginia statute for religious freedom?
a) believing in
b) spreading or promoting
c) breeding or reproducing
d) transmitting through a medium

b) Spreading or promoting.

Explanation:

In Thomas Jefferson's "Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom" addressed the need for a separate entity of the church and the state. It also addressed the issue of freedom of conscience, and the need for man to have his own free will regarding his beliefs. This document became the forerunner for the religious freedom rights for the people of America.

In the statute, the word "propagation" is mentioned just twice, "to compel a man to furnish contributions of money for the propagation of opinions  which he disbelieves, is sinful and tyrannical" and "to restrain the profession or propagation of principles". And in both phrases, the word signifies the very act of spreading or promoting one's beliefs to others. This is the basis on which Jefferson works for the freedom of religion, and even for the right to not belief in any religion if one wishes to.

Thus, the correct answer is option b.

1. read the following excerpt from franklin d. roosevelt's "fireside chat 19":

on the other side of the picture, we must learn also to know that guerilla warfare against the germans in, let us say serbia or norway, us; that a successful russian offensive against the germans us; and that british successes on land or sea in any part of the world strengthen our hands.

remember always that germany and italy, regardless of any formal declaration of war, consider themselves at war with the united states at this moment just as much as they consider themselves at war with britain or russia. and germany puts all the other republics of the americas into the same category of enemies. the people of our sister republics of this hemisphere can be honored by that fact.  

the true goal we seek is far above and beyond the ugly field of battle. when we resort to force, as now we must, we are determined that this force shall be directed toward ultimate good as well as against immediate evil. we americans are not destroyers — we are builders.

analyze the effectiveness of this excerpt. how does it function within the speech as a whole? how does the structure of the excerpt to convey the speech's purpose and key points? support your argument with evidence from the speech. (10 points)