What is bias?

a
when an author belongs to a group that has a well-known stance on the subject he or she is writing about
b
when an author has opinion you don't like
c
when an author's personal views clearly lean a certain way and influence his or her writing
d
when an author has a clear opinion on a subject

different routes can lead to sammy to different places, with different roads.   if you check a map, you can see the routes.   try to make connections of the places and count how many there are.   hope this : )

the rigid outer part of the earth, consisting of the crust and upper mantle is the lithosphere.     answer   crust and outer part of the mantle.