What is shipping using two characters mean?

Realism was a fairly influential and widespread literary movement in the united states in the latter half of the nineteenth century. which american writer is among the pioneers of american realism? a. ernest hemingway b. f. scott fitzgerald c. j. d. salinger d. mark twain

May someone me answer these questions

Certain predictable elements of beowulf, such as the superhuman hero and the quest to defeat evil, are common to the form. a. story b. plot c. epic d. novel