What does the phrase "purpled thy nail" refer to in this excerpt from "the flea" by john donne?
cruel and sudden, hast thou since
purpled thy nail in blood of innocence?
a. an injury the speaker's beloved incurred as he wooed her
b. the shared blood of the speaker and his beloved in the flea
c. the loss of the beloved's innocence symbolized by the flea
d. the beloved's sudden cruel treatment of the speaker

Read the passage below and answer the question that follows. ‘you make me feel uncivilized, daisy,’ i confessed on my second glass of corky but rather impressive claret. ‘can’t you talk about crops or something? ’ i meant nothing in particular by this remark but it was taken up in an unexpected way. ‘civilization’s going to pieces,’ broke out tom violently. ‘i’ve gotten to be a terrible pessimist about things. have you read ‘the rise of the coloured empires’ by this man goddard? ’ ‘why, no,’ i answered, rather surprised by his tone. ‘well, it’s a fine book, and everybody ought to read it. the idea is if we don’t look out the white race will be—will be utterly submerged. it’s all scientific stuff; it’s been proved.’ in this passage, tom’s ideas about race relations come off as uncivilized. what literary device is fitzgerald using here? irony personification metaphor simile