In real life i am a large, big-boned woman with rough, man-working hands. in the winter i wear flannel nightgowns to bed and overalls during the day. i can kill and clean a hog as mercilessly as a man. my fat keeps me hot in zero weather. i can work outside all day, breaking ice to get water for washing. i can eat pork liver cooked over the open fire minutes after it comes steaming from the hog. one winter i knocked a bull calf straight in the brain between the eyes with a sledge hammer and had the meat hung up to chill before nightfall.

this description of mama is an example of which type of characterization?

a. indirect based on the character’s thoughts
b. direct based on the narrator’s description
c. indirect based on the character’s actions
d. indirect based on other character’s reactions

the answer is b and c

1. read the following excerpt from franklin d. roosevelt's "fireside chat 19":

on the other side of the picture, we must learn also to know that guerilla warfare against the germans in, let us say serbia or norway, us; that a successful russian offensive against the germans us; and that british successes on land or sea in any part of the world strengthen our hands.

remember always that germany and italy, regardless of any formal declaration of war, consider themselves at war with the united states at this moment just as much as they consider themselves at war with britain or russia. and germany puts all the other republics of the americas into the same category of enemies. the people of our sister republics of this hemisphere can be honored by that fact.  

the true goal we seek is far above and beyond the ugly field of battle. when we resort to force, as now we must, we are determined that this force shall be directed toward ultimate good as well as against immediate evil. we americans are not destroyers — we are builders.

analyze the effectiveness of this excerpt. how does it function within the speech as a whole? how does the structure of the excerpt to convey the speech's purpose and key points? support your argument with evidence from the speech. (10 points)