Which phrase describes a group of words without a subject or without a verb?

What does the word tribulation mean? ♡

Based on the cause-and-effect relationship in this sentence, what is the meaning of the word illuminate? the colors and patterns on the stained glass windows were illuminated as thousands of candles burned during the special church service. a) to melt or change form b) to grow taller or wider c) to become extremely hot d) to light up or make clear

In describing jimmy wells as the truest, most loyal fellow, what tone is conveyed