Transportation in the Nineteenth Century Roads, rivers, and railroads connected different regions of the United States. These modes of transportation allowed people to move away from the country’s coastlines. Railroads grew quickly in the nineteenth century. Between 1860 and 1880, railroad lines tripled. They went from covering 30,000 miles to 90,000 miles. The Transcontinental Railroad was finished in 1869. This was the first railroad that connected the east and west coasts of the United States. By the year 1900, there was a nationwide network of railroads. This made shipping and transportation easier. Railroads contributed to industrial growth and increased demand for goods.

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Select all the correct answers.
The author wants to add additional information about transportation in the nineteenth century to the passage. Which three sentences could the author add?
In 1960, many railroad companies were having financial trouble because the number of train passengers began declining. By this time, more people were traveling across the country by cars or airplanes.
Many people traveled along rivers on steamboats. By 1830, steamboats were a major mode of transportation.
Although there were not many major roads stretching across the country in the 1800s, there were a few. The National Road stretched from Maryland to Ohio by 1833.
Electric trolley cars were developed in the 1860s. These trolley cars made it much easier for people to travel within large cities.
Unlike traveling by railroad, traveling by automobile allowed people in the twentieth century to go places without being restricted to a schedule. As more people began driving cars, more people began living outside of big cities.

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Explanation:

what: when quoting a source, use the author’s words verbatim, or word-for-word. this means you shouldn’t change any grammar, punctuation, spelling, etc. put quotations around the words to tell your reader where the quote begins and where it ends.

you also need to acknowledge the author. for example, if using mla format for your research paper, you should have in-text citations with the author’s name and page number listed at the end of each quote.

when: use quotations to provide concrete examples to support your claims. using direct quotations is a great way to build your credibility on the subject. it’s also a good idea to quote your source when the author states things in a powerful way. if you think he or she said it best, then use the exact words to share the ideas.

example: in the short story “a jury of her peers”, mrs. hale compares mrs. wright to her caged bird, saying “she—come to think of it, she was kind of like a bird herself. real sweet and pretty, but kind of timid and—fluttery. how—she—did—change” (glaspell).

paraphrasing

what: paraphrasing differs from quoting because you restate the passage in your own words. since you don’t use the author’s words, you don’t need to use quotation marks. however, you still need to acknowledge the author for his or her ideas.

when paraphrasing a text, you should communicate the full meaning of the text; don’t change the meaning. it can be a condensed version of the text, or it could end up being longer than the source it’s paraphrasing.

when: you use paraphrasing when you take notes, or explain a chart or diagram to someone. paraphrasing highlight the important parts of a larger text. it also allows you to simplify the ideas for your readers.

example:

original: “it was no ordinary thing that called her away–it was probably further from ordinary than anything that had ever happened in dickson county. but what her eye took in was that her kitchen was in no shape for leaving: her bread all ready for mixing, half the flour sifted and half unsifted” (glaspell).

paraphrase: as mrs. hales walks around mrs. wright’s home, she notices that the kitchen is in disarray as if she was in the middle of baking bread (glaspell).