Anyone help me for active passive thanks.

When i was four years old, my dad and i a tree in our front yard. it was a tiny, fragile sapling. he promised me that it would grow tall and strong, but he said that i had to be patient. until i turned 18 years old, dad and i it every year on my birthday. choose the words that correctly fill in the blanks.

Which of these events inspired many of stephen crane’s writings, including the story “an episode of war”?

The rich natural resources made the sacramento valley a "garden of eden." permanent villages were established about 8,000 years ago. which choice combines these two sentences from paragraph two to achieve a coherent flow of ideas? a) the rich natural resources made the sacramento valley a "garden of eden" and permanent villages were established about 8,000 years ago. b) permanent villages were established about 8,000 years ago and the rich natural resources made the sacramento valley a "garden of eden." c) the rich natural resources made the sacramento valley a "garden of eden; " and so the permanent villages were established about 8,000 years ago. d) because of the rich natural resources which made the sacramento valley a ‘garden of eden,’ native americans established permanent villages there 8,000 years ago.