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English, 12.02.2021 02:20, jennyn26

Howhave old scientific ideas joined with new technology to allow scientists to create 'bionic eye" systems? Use two details from the article to support your answer. Article: Ray Flynn of Manchester, England, once enjoyed gardening and attending soccer games. When he developed a condition called age-related macular degeneration (AMD), he began losing his eyesight. The deterioration of his eyesight left a 'black hole" in the middle of his vision. That made it difficult for him to see anything directly in front of him. Soon, he was unable to see the flowers in the garden or determine who was scoring goals on the soccer field. In 2015, a scientific breakthrough promised to give Mr. Flynn and others the ability to see again. Although vision may seem straightforward, it is actually a very complex process. First, the eye picks up light signals from the environment. This light passes into the retina, part of the eye, which turns information about the light
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I'm guessing I am going to be reading about how our eyes work. And what are the steps to having to good vision and lastly how can your vision go bad.

15 20 25 30 35 40 45 into electrical pulses. These pulses then travel along the optic nerve back to the brain. The brain interprets them to create a visual image of the object being viewed. The result is one's "vision" of his or her surroundings. AMD or other sources of damage to the eye can disrupt this process and leave people with reduced or no vision. For hundreds of years, scientists have experimented with methods of overcoming eye impairments. Eyeglasses and then contact lenses improved sight in some ways. Other impairments were more serious. Scientists realized early on that it might be possible to bypass the eye itself and transmit visual information directly to the brain via electrical signals. In 1755, French doctor and scientist Charles Leroy began experimenting with the role of electricity in vision. In his era, though, technology was far too primitive to allow him to restore sight to his patients. Today, the technological scene is completely different. Cameras are everywhere and are getting smaller yet better every year. Scientific understanding of visual information is greater than ever before. At the same time, medical science has made it possible for humans to augment their bodies with tiny but extremely efficient mechanical parts. These parts are called "bionics," a mixture of "biological" and "electronics." With the rise of these technologies, it was only natural for scientists to revisit the question of improving damaged eyesight. Picking up where Charles Leroy left off about 250 years earlier, a team of scientists in Australia began developing a high-tech solution to a form of blindness known as retinitis pigmentosa. In their design, a chip is added to the patient's retina. A tiny camera housed on the patient's eyeglasses sends visual information to this chip. The chip then prompts the retina to send the gathered information along the optic nerve and into the brain. Basically, the camera on the eyeglasses takes over the responsibility of gathering light. The retinal chip gathers the information. The eye itself is barely necessary! Scientists in England took a very similar approach to treating Mr. Flynn's AMD. They implanted a chip on the back of his retina to make up for the damage to the retina caused by the disease. A tiny camera on his glasses records and relays information about his surroundings. During an early test, Mr. Flynn was able to use this system to see and describe lines on a test screen. This may not seem like a remarkable feat, but considering he had almost lost his vision, it represented astounding progress. Also astounding was the fact that Mr. Flynn was able to "see" the test screens even with his eyelids shut! The camera and chip were doing the work even without his eyes.
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55 Doctors believe that, over time, Mr. Flynn's eyes and brain will get used to their new "bionic eye" setup. Then they will learn to integrate information from his natural retinas and the camera. Together, this information may give him the sight he needs to return to his favorite hobbies. It also paves the way for new research into eye medical technology that may someday eliminate vision impairments around the world.

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