Read this excerpt from "Types of Volcanoes." Volcanoes are structures formed around openings (vents) in the ground where molten lava, ash, or gas escape from inside the Earth. We have all heard of lava, but not everyone knows how it forms. Deep inside the Earth, rock that melted long ago beneath the Earth’s crust forms magma, a very hot liquid that mixes with dissolved gases and crystals.

How does the author show that he is writing for readers who are not experts on volcanoes?

He uses terms such as "ash," "crystals," "molten," and "magma."
He writes about differences between what happens to the ground and what happens under it.
He uses terms such as vents and dissolved gases and crystals.
He says that the readers have all heard of lava, but not everyone knows where it comes from.

Read the excerpt from act 3, scene 1, of julius caesar. servant. thus, brutus, did my master bid me kneel. thus did mark antony bid me fall down, and, being prostrate, thus he bade me say. "brutus is noble, wise, valiant, and honest. caesar was mighty, bold, royal, and loving. say i love brutus, and i honour him. say i feared caesar, honoured him, and loved him. if brutus will vouchsafe that antony may safely come to him and be resolved how caesar hath deserved to lie in death, mark antony shall not love caesar dead so well as brutus living, but will follow the fortunes and affairs of noble brutus thorough the hazards of this untrod state with all true faith.” so says my master antony

When you don’t understand a concept during the lecture, it’s to flag it in your notes and leave a blank space so you can fill in more

(1) fire extended humans’ geographical boundaries by allowing them to travel into regions that were previously too cold to explore. (2) it also kept predators away, allowing early humans to sleep securely. (3) fire, in fact, has been a significant factor in human development and progress in many ways. (4) other obvious benefits of fire are its uses in cooking and in hunting. (5) probably even more important, however, is that learning to control fire allowed people to change the very rhythm of their lives. (6) before fire, the human daily cycle coincided with the rising and setting of the sun. (7) with fire, though, humans gained time to think and talk about the day’s events and to prepare strategies for coping with tomorrow. the sentence that expresses the main idea is: (type the number of the sentence. then click “go.”)